A diagram illustrating electron scattering.

Electron Scattering

A diagram showing the basics values involved in a typical elastic glancing collision including masses m1 and m2, velocities v1 and v2 and angles of displacement.

Electron scattering happens when electrons change direction after interacting with matter – like an atom or another particle.

When an electron hits another atom, it is displaced from its original trajectory and bounces off in a different direction.

A diagram illustrating the different possible kinds of interactions of an electron beam with a sample of solid matter. Where K,L,M are the electron shells. N is the sample nucleus. Gamma is a characteristic photon emitted by the ejection of SE (Secondary Electron). And BSE is a Back-Scattered Electron. Electrons follow the usual e- notation. Source: Wikipedia

Electrons scatter through a solid in a manner of ways:

  • not at all: no electron scattering occurs at all and the beam passes straight through,
  • single scattering: when an electron is scattered just once,
  • plural scattering: when electron(s) scatter several times,
  • multiple scattering: when electron(s) scatter many times over.

Electrons are negatively charged, so additionally they get deflected by the electric fields of the atoms.

The likelihood of an electron scattering and the degree of the scattering is a function of the specimen thickness and the mean free path.

This phenomenon happens in solids like metals and semiconductors, affecting how electricity flows.

"A Long Shot in the Cosmic Game of Pool" illustration for "Passing Stars and the Three-Body System" post. Electron scattering is what happens when electrons change direction after interacting with something - like atoms or other particles. Think of it like a game of billiards. Artwork: NaturPhilosophie with AI

Scientists use electron scattering to study atomic structures and even discover tiny particles like quarks.

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